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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids01:28

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

In IR spectroscopy of carboxylic acids, the C=O bond shows a characteristic band between 1710 and 1760 cm⁻¹, and the O–H bond exhibits a broad band between 2500 and 3300 cm⁻¹.
However, the stretching absorptions for the C=O bond vary depending on the structure of carboxylic acids. The C=O bond of the free carboxylic acids shows a higher stretching frequency, 1760 cm−1, while H-bonded carboxylic acids (dimers) exhibit stretching absorptions at a lower frequency, 1710 cm−1. The C=O bond of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Atomic Force Microscopy Combined with Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Probe Single Bacterium Chemistry
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Published on: September 15, 2020

Infrared spectroscopy at 20,000 scans per second.

R M Hexter, C W Hand

    Applied Optics
    |January 14, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers enhanced a rapid scan infrared spectrometer for flash photolysis-kinetic spectroscopy. The improved system achieves high scan rates and powerful photolysis flashes, enabling faster and more detailed chemical reaction studies.

    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Chemical Kinetics
    • Physical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Flash photolysis-kinetic spectroscopy requires high-speed data acquisition.
    • Rapid scan infrared (IR) spectrometers are crucial for time-resolved chemical studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe significant improvements to a rapid scan IR spectrometer.
    • To enhance its performance for flash photolysis-kinetic spectroscopy applications.

    Main Methods:

    • The spectrometer's scanning mechanism was upgraded for higher repetition rates.
    • The photolysis flash system was optimized for increased energy and shorter half-times.
    • A high-brightness spectroscopic light source was implemented.

    Main Results:

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    Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
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    Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

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    • The scanning mechanism now operates at 20,000 scans/sec.
    • The photolysis flash has a 7.5 microsec half-time and delivers up to 2940 J.
    • The spectroscopic light source achieves a brightness temperature of 2400 K.

    Conclusions:

    • The enhanced spectrometer offers superior performance for kinetic studies.
    • Quantitative analysis of the spectral resolution versus scanning speed relationship is provided.