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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
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Thermal Strain01:19

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Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:

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A long path, low temperature cell.

R P Blickensderfer, G E Ewing, R Leonard

    Applied Optics
    |January 14, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new multiple traversal low temperature absorption cell was designed for gas analysis. This 230 m path length cell operates efficiently between 300-77 K, enabling advanced spectroscopic studies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Physical Chemistry
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Low-temperature absorption spectroscopy requires specialized cells for long path lengths.
    • Conventional cells often face challenges with temperature stability and optical alignment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and evaluate a novel multiple traversal low temperature absorption cell.
    • To achieve a long optical path length (230 m) at cryogenic temperatures.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an f/30-aperture White cell integrated within an aluminum Dewar.
    • Implemented vacuum feedthrough adjustments for mirror alignment during cooling.
    • Operated the cell in the temperature range of 300-77 K and at pressures up to 3 atm.

    Main Results:

    • The multiple traversal absorption cell routinely achieved a path length of 230 m.
    • The system demonstrated stable performance across the tested temperature range (300-77 K).
    • Vacuum feedthrough adjustments successfully compensated for mirror defocusing during cooling.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed low temperature absorption cell is a robust system for high-sensitivity gas analysis.
    • The design allows for precise optical measurements at cryogenic temperatures and elevated pressures.
    • This technology advances capabilities in low-temperature spectroscopic research.