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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Cholecystitis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Arthroscopic Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts Using a Double Posteromedial Approach
05:44

Arthroscopic Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts Using a Double Posteromedial Approach

Published on: October 20, 2023

Acromioclavicular joint cyst formation.

Andrew D Hiller1, Joshua D Miller, John L Zeller

  • 1Division of Anatomical Sciences, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|January 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) cysts are rare shoulder conditions. This study differentiates ACJ cysts into two types based on rotator cuff integrity, crucial for effective treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Arthroscopic Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts Using a Double Posteromedial Approach
05:44

Arthroscopic Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts Using a Double Posteromedial Approach

Published on: October 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) cysts are uncommon sequelae of shoulder pathology.
  • Existing literature primarily comprises isolated case reports, lacking comprehensive reviews.
  • Previous case compilations have inconsistently categorized distinct pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive literature review of ACJ cysts.
  • To present four novel clinical cases of ACJ cysts.
  • To propose a new classification system for ACJ cysts based on distinct etiologies.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search for reported cases of ACJ cysts.
  • Analysis of four presented clinical cases.
  • Pathophysiological review to differentiate cyst formation mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • A total of 41 ACJ cyst cases have been previously reported.
  • Five cases occurred with an intact rotator cuff (Type 1).
  • Thirty-six cases were associated with rotator cuff tears/avulsions (Type 2).
  • Two distinct etiologies for ACJ cyst formation were identified: superficial ACJ limitation (Type 1) and "geyser" phenomenon from cuff tear arthropathy (Type 2).

Conclusions:

  • ACJ cysts can be classified into two distinct types based on rotator cuff integrity and pathogenesis.
  • Type 1 cysts are associated with intact rotator cuffs and are limited to the ACJ.
  • Type 2 cysts result from rotator cuff tears, leading to "geyser" formation and ACJ involvement.
  • This classification is essential for accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment strategies.