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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates
07:32

Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates

Published on: January 17, 2018

Controlled release multiple layer coatings.

Dakshinamurthy Devanga-Chinta1, Richard A Graves, Sarala Pamujula

  • 1Center for Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125-1098, USA.

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy
|January 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a computer-controlled multi-layer coating process for drug-loaded beads using syringe pumps. Changing the sequence of drug and polymer layers significantly alters drug release profiles.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Traditional fluid-bed coating relies on manual peristaltic pumps for single-layer application.
  • Precise control over multi-layer coating parameters is challenging with existing methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a computer-controlled system for consecutive spraying of multiple coating solutions.
  • To enable the formation of multi-layered coatings on drug-loaded beads with enhanced control.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a fluid-bed coating machine equipped with computer-controlled syringe pumps.
  • Prepared nine types of controlled-release beads using ethylcellulose and chitosan solutions.
  • Investigated the impact of varying spray rates and polymer solution volumes on coating characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Altering ethylcellulose concentration in the solvent significantly increased lag time.
  • Multi-layer coating with sequential drug and polymer application drastically reduced lag time and accelerated drug release.
  • Dissolution profiles were significantly modified by changing the order of drug and polymer layers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed computer-controlled multi-layer coating process offers precise control over drug release.
  • Sequential layering of drug and polymer solutions is a critical factor in modulating drug release kinetics.
  • This method provides a novel approach for designing advanced controlled-release drug delivery systems.