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The increasing incidence of mumps orchitis: a comprehensive review

Niall F Davis1, Barry B McGuire, Jackie A Mahon

  • 1Department of Urology and Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, University College Dublin, Ireland. nialldavis2001@yahoo.com

BJU International
|January 15, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Recent mumps orchitis outbreaks in males are linked to lower measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine uptake in the 1990s. Unvaccinated individuals are at higher risk for this testicular complication.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Mumps orchitis incidence is rising in pubertal and postpubertal males.
  • This increase is linked to decreased measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine coverage in the 1990s.
  • Mumps virus can cause significant extra-salivary complications, notably orchitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and complications of mumps orchitis.
  • To emphasize the importance of urologists understanding mumps orchitis, especially in unvaccinated males.
  • To highlight the impact on testicular atrophy, subfertility, and infertility.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on mumps outbreaks and vaccine uptake.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic methods for mumps orchitis.
  • Examination of treatment strategies and potential long-term complications.

Main Results:

  • Outbreaks correlate with reduced MMR vaccination rates from earlier decades.
  • Unvaccinated postpubertal males are particularly susceptible to developing mumps orchitis.
  • Mumps orchitis can lead to testicular atrophy, subfertility, and infertility.

Conclusions:

  • Mumps orchitis remains a relevant clinical concern, particularly in unvaccinated populations.
  • Urologists must be knowledgeable about managing mumps orchitis and its sequelae.
  • Maintaining high MMR vaccination rates is crucial for preventing mumps-related complications.

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