Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.Allopatric SpeciationIn allopatric speciation, gene flow between two populations of the same species is prevented by a geographic barrier, like...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Post-polyploid chromosomal diploidization in plants is affected by clade divergence and constrained by shared genomic features.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Centromeric retrotransposons shape chromosomal evolution beyond pericentromeric regions.

Mobile DNA·2026
Same author

Recurrent polyploidy and descending dysploidy as plant genome shapers: Insights from Sporobolus (Chloridoideae, Poaceae) genomes.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Entomopathogenic Nematodes Induce Metabolic Reallocation in Maize Roots Without Altering the Performance of Two Root Herbivores, Diabrotica virgifera and Diabrotica balteata.

Plant, cell & environment·2025
Same author

Ecological speciation with gene flow followed initial large-scale geographic speciation in the enigmatic afroalpine giant senecios (Dendrosenecio).

The New phytologist·2025
Same author

Locally Specific Genome-Wide Signatures of Adaptation to Environmental Variation at High Resolution in an Alpine Plant.

Molecular ecology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

Evolutionary consequences of autopolyploidy.

Christian Parisod1, Rolf Holderegger, Christian Brochmann

  • 1National Centre for Biosystematics, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway. christian.parisod@unine.ch

The New Phytologist
|January 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autopolyploidy, or genome doubling in plants, offers evolutionary advantages like increased population size and adaptability. This review suggests autopolyploids may thrive during environmental changes due to genomic flexibility.

More Related Videos

Establishment of Proliferative Tetraploid Cells from Nontransformed Human Fibroblasts
10:04

Establishment of Proliferative Tetraploid Cells from Nontransformed Human Fibroblasts

Published on: January 8, 2017

Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes
05:22

Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes

Published on: April 13, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

Establishment of Proliferative Tetraploid Cells from Nontransformed Human Fibroblasts
10:04

Establishment of Proliferative Tetraploid Cells from Nontransformed Human Fibroblasts

Published on: January 8, 2017

Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes
05:22

Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes

Published on: April 13, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Autopolyploidy, while common in plants, is less studied than allopolyploidy.
  • The evolutionary impacts of genome doubling alone versus genome doubling plus hybridization are unclear.
  • Autopolyploids exhibit genomic redundancy and polysomic inheritance, potentially increasing effective population size.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolutionary consequences of autopolyploidy.
  • To compare autopolyploidy with allopolyploidy regarding genome evolution.
  • To investigate the role of autopolyploidy in adaptation and speciation.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of synthetic and natural autopolyploids.
  • Analysis across multiple biological organization levels, from genes to lineages.
  • Examination of genomic restructuring, gene expression, biogeography, and ecological data.

Main Results:

  • Limited evidence of rapid genome restructuring or gene expression changes post-genome doubling.
  • These genomic changes may become significant over longer evolutionary timescales.
  • Association observed between autopolyploid formation and environmental change.

Conclusions:

  • Polysomic inheritance may confer short-term evolutionary advantages to autopolyploids during environmental change and range shifts.
  • Autopolyploids possess enhanced genome flexibility, promoting long-term adaptation and persistence in heterogeneous environments.
  • Autopolyploidy is a significant evolutionary pathway, particularly in response to environmental instability.