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Stability of structures01:14

Stability of structures

In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...
Stability01:28

Stability

The time response of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system can be divided into transient and steady-state responses. The transient response represents the system's initial reaction to a change in input and diminishes to zero over time. In contrast, the steady-state response is the behavior that persists after the transient effects have faded.
The stability of an LTI system is determined by the roots of its characteristic equation, known as poles. A system is stable if it produces a bounded...
Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength01:12

Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength

The rebound hammer test, also known as the Schmidt hammer test, is a non-destructive technique for evaluating the hardness of concrete and, indirectly, the strength of concrete. It operates on the principle that the rebound of a spring-driven mass from a concrete surface correlates to the surface's hardness. The device comprises a mass within a tubular housing, a spring mechanism, and a plunger that strikes the concrete. Upon release, the energy imparted to the mass by the spring causes it to...
Pole and System Stability01:24

Pole and System Stability

The transfer function is a fundamental concept representing the ratio of two polynomials. The numerator and denominator encapsulate the system's dynamics. The zeros and poles of this transfer function are critical in determining the system's behavior and stability.
Simple poles are unique roots of the denominator polynomial. Each simple pole corresponds to a distinct solution to the system's characteristic equation, typically resulting in exponential decay terms in the system's response.
Residual Stresses01:26

Residual Stresses

Residual stresses reside in a structure even after removing the original stress inducer. This phenomenon often arises from varied plastic deformations across different parts of a structure. Consider a rod stretched beyond its yield point. It will not regain its original length due to permanent deformation. Even after load removal, the rod does not entirely lose stress because of uneven plastic deformations, resulting in residual stresses. The computation of these stresses in structures is...
Bearing Stress01:22

Bearing Stress

Bearing stress refers to the contact pressure between two separate bodies. To visualize this, imagine a bolt thrust through a plate. The bolt applies a force to the plate, which exerts an equal but opposite force back onto the bolt. This force isn't just a singular entity but a compilation of numerous smaller forces distributed across the contact surface between the bolt and the plate.
Due to the intricacy of these microforces, an average value, known as bearing stress, is often used by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
07:52

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Published on: September 18, 2020

Quantifying core stability: a technical report.

Wendell P Liemohn1, Ted A Baumgartner, Sabrina R Fordham

  • 1Department of Exercise, Sport, and Leisure Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. wliemohn@gmail.com

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|January 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three days of testing are needed to reliably measure core stability using the quadruped arm raise test due to a learning effect. This finding impacts future research protocols for core stability assessments.

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Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
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Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
07:52

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Published on: September 18, 2020

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08:25

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Kinesiology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Previous research utilized four stability platform tests to measure core stability, indicating consistent scores by the third and fourth testing days.
  • A prototype stability platform was developed to advance this line of research.
  • Core stability assessment is crucial for understanding physical performance and injury prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of equipment modifications and the number of test administrations on the reliability of core stability measurements.
  • To investigate the learning effect in repeated administrations of the quadruped arm raise test.
  • To determine the optimal number of testing days for reliable core stability data.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-five university students participated in the study.
  • Each subject underwent 10 trials of 30-second duration on a modified stability platform over four days.
  • Trials 2-6 (days 2-4) were analyzed, excluding practice trials, to assess reliability and learning effects.

Main Results:

  • Internal consistency reliability coefficients (intraclass) ranged from 0.89 to 0.95 for trials 2-6 across days 2-4.
  • Stability reliability between day 2 and day 3 was 0.76, increasing to 0.92 between day 3 and day 4.
  • Mean scores improved from day 2 (125 seconds) to days 3 and 4 (132 seconds).

Conclusions:

  • The learning effect necessitates three days of testing for reliable core stability measurements with the quadruped arm raise test.
  • While equipment changes were implemented, the primary factor influencing reliability was the number of test administrations and the associated learning curve.
  • Future research should incorporate a minimum of three testing days to account for learning effects and ensure data validity.