Impact of gynecological surgery on female sexual function

Sexual function is complex and involves interaction of many factors, including emotional connection, body image, intact physical response and partner sexual function. Disease processes such as abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis, urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse may have a negative impact on various parameters of sexual health. Gynecological surgery to address these common complaints may correct the pathological process. However, despite improvements in symptoms related to the disease, improvements in sexuality are not guaranteed and occasionally there may be deteriorations. This review will summarize the current literature assessing sexual symptoms following benign gynecological surgery, including hysterectomy, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, tubal ligation, anti-incontinence surgery and pelvic organ prolapse reconstruction with and without mesh. In the majority of cases, sexual function and quality of life benefit from these surgical interventions. However, it is critical that physicians remain aware of the potential for negative outcomes. Subjects who experience worsening should undergo thorough evaluation early in the postoperative period in order to mitigate symptoms. Treatment modalities for sexual dysfunction following surgery should be the focus of future research.