Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II01:03

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II

A rocket's velocity in the presence of a gravitational field is decreased by the amount of force exerted by Earth's gravitational field, which opposes the motion of the rocket. If we consider thrust, that is, the force exerted on a rocket by the exhaust gases, then a rocket's thrust is greater in outer space than in the atmosphere or on a launch pad. In fact, gases are easier to expel in a vacuum.
A rocket's acceleration depends on three major factors, consistent with the equation for the...
Rocket Propulsion in Empty Space - I01:13

Rocket Propulsion in Empty Space - I

The driving force for the motion of any vehicle is friction, but in the case of rocket propulsion in space, the friction force is not present. The motion of a rocket changes its velocity (and hence its momentum) by ejecting burned fuel gases, thus causing it to accelerate in the direction opposite to the velocity of the ejected fuel. In this situation, the mass and velocity of the rocket constantly change along with the total mass of ejected gases. Due to conservation of momentum, the rocket's...
Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - I01:20

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - I

Rockets range in size from small fireworks that ordinary people use to the enormous Saturn V that once propelled massive payloads toward the Moon. The propulsion of all rockets, jet engines, deflating balloons, and even squids and octopuses are explained by the same physical principle: Newton's third law of motion. The matter is forcefully ejected from a system, producing an equal and opposite reaction on what remains.
The motion of a rocket in space changes its velocity (and hence its...
Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II01:12

Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II

The motion of a rocket is governed by the conservation of momentum principle. A rocket's momentum changes by the same amount (with the opposite sign) as the ejected gases. As time goes by, the rocket's mass (which includes the mass of the remaining fuel) continuously decreases, and its velocity increases. Therefore, the principle of conservation of momentum is used to explain the dynamics of a rocket's motion. The ideal rocket equation gives the change in velocity that a rocket experiences by...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites01:16

Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites

The Moon orbits around the Earth. In turn, the Earth (and other planets) orbit the Sun. The space directly above our atmosphere is filled with artificial satellites in orbit. One can examine the circular orbit, the simplest kind of orbit, to understand the relationship between the speed and the period of planets and satellites with respect to their positions and the bodies that they orbit.
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) first suggested that the Earth and all other planets orbit the Sun in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High-Intensity Multimodal Resistance Training Improves Muscle Function, Symmetry during a Sit-to-Stand Task, and Physical Function Following Hip Fracture.

The journal of nutrition, health & aging·2018
Same author

Muscle Quality Improves with Extended High-Intensity Resistance Training after Hip Fracture.

The Journal of frailty & aging·2018
Same author

Hinge spectrometer: a grating Fabry-Perot instrument for far-infrared/submillimeter spectroscopy in space.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Monochromator-interferometer combination for submillimeter astronomical spectrometry from aircraft.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Systematic errors in Hadamard transform optics.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Fourier and Hadamard transform spectrometers: a limited comparison. Part 2.

Applied optics·2010
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite
07:00

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite

Published on: March 11, 2020

Rocket-borne liquid helium cooled telescope.

M Harwit, J R Houck, K Fuhrmann

    Applied Optics
    |January 15, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new liquid helium-cooled rocket telescope was developed for infrared astronomical observations. This system successfully observed the night sky from an altitude of 170 km.

    More Related Videos

    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
    10:35

    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

    Published on: February 12, 2013

    Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System
    10:52

    Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System

    Published on: August 7, 2018

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

    Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite
    07:00

    Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite

    Published on: March 11, 2020

    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
    10:35

    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

    Published on: February 12, 2013

    Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System
    10:52

    Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System

    Published on: August 7, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy and Astrophysics
    • Infrared Astronomy
    • Cryogenic Instrumentation

    Background:

    • Infrared observations require extremely low temperatures to minimize thermal noise.
    • Previous rocket-borne instruments had limitations in achieving and maintaining cryogenic conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe a novel rocket-borne telescope designed for infrared photometric observations.
    • To detail the cryogenic system and infrared detectors used in the telescope.
    • To report on the successful flight and observational capabilities of the instrument.

    Main Methods:

    • All telescope components near the detector were cooled to liquid helium temperature.
    • Infrared (IR) detectors were employed for photometric measurements.
    • Observations were conducted in the 5-micrometer to 1.6-millimeter spectral range.

    Main Results:

    • The rocket-borne telescope system was successfully deployed and operated.
    • Photometric observations of the night sky were made from an altitude of 170 km.
    • The performance and calibration of the infrared detectors were documented.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed cryogenic rocket telescope is a viable platform for infrared astronomical studies.
    • The system demonstrated successful operation and data acquisition in the infrared spectrum from a suborbital altitude.
    • This technology enables sensitive astronomical measurements by mitigating thermal interference.