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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds00:55

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds

When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with varying...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Dipole Moment01:20

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Dipole Moment

The dipole moment of a bond is the product of the partial charge on either atom and the distance between them. Dipole moments influence the efficiency of IR absorption and the peak intensity. When a bond with a dipole moment is placed in an electric field, the direction of the field determines if the bond is compressed or stretched. Electromagnetic radiation consists of an electric field component that rapidly reverses direction. It follows that polar bonds are alternately stretched and...

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The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
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The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

Published on: May 8, 2015

Infrared cloud radiance.

G W Kattawar, G N Plass

    Applied Optics
    |January 15, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study calculates cloud radiance using Mie theory and Monte Carlo simulations for infrared wavelengths. Results provide insights into photon behavior and cloud radiative properties.

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    The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
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    Published on: May 8, 2015

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric physics and radiative transfer.
    • Cloud microphysics and optical properties.

    Background:

    • Accurate calculation of cloud radiance is crucial for understanding Earth's energy balance.
    • Previous models often simplified complex scattering phenomena in clouds.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To precisely calculate cloud radiance across nine infrared (IR) wavelengths.
    • To investigate the impact of cloud microphysical properties on radiative transfer.

    Main Methods:

    • Employed Mie theory to derive single scattering functions based on measured refractive indices and drop size distributions.
    • Utilized a Monte Carlo technique to simulate multiple scattering and exact 3D photon paths.
    • Calculated upward/downward radiance as a function of optical thickness, viewing angle, and solar illumination.

    Main Results:

    • Determined cloud radiance, mean photon optical path, cloud albedo, and boundary fluxes.
    • Quantified the influence of different drop size distributions on radiative properties.
    • Provided detailed spectral radiance data in the infrared spectrum.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully models complex radiative transfer in clouds.
    • Findings enhance the understanding of cloud-radiation interactions, vital for climate modeling.
    • The methodology offers a robust framework for analyzing cloud optical properties.