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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Galvanometer01:24

Galvanometer

Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
The galvanometer consists of  two concave-shaped permanent magnets, providing a uniform radial magnetic field in the annular region. In the center, a pivoted coil of fine copper wire is placed in the uniform magnetic...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
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A rocket telescope spectrometer with high precision pointing control.

M Bottema, W G Fastie, H W Moos

    Applied Optics
    |January 15, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study achieved one arc second pointing accuracy using a servo-controlled telescope on an Aerobee rocket, enabling far ultraviolet spectroscopy of planetary atmospheres.

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    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy and Astrophysics
    • Space Science and Engineering

    Background:

    • High-precision pointing accuracy is crucial for astronomical observations.
    • Far ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy offers unique insights into planetary atmospheres.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate one arc second pointing accuracy for a rocket-borne telescope.
    • To obtain low-resolution far UV spectra of celestial objects, including planets.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a Dall-Kirkham telescope with a weight-relieved primary mirror and a servo-controlled secondary mirror.
    • Integrated an objective Lithium Fluoride (LiF) prism for far UV spectroscopy.
    • Employed solar-blind photomultiplier tubes with pulse counting for sensitive detection.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved one arc second pointing accuracy.
    • Resolved two arc seconds with the primary mirror.
    • Obtained far UV spectra of Venus, Jupiter, and eta Ursa Majoris (U Ma).
    • Demonstrated a dark current background of less than 1 count/sec.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed telescope system is capable of high-precision pointing for space-based observations.
    • The system successfully acquired valuable far UV spectral data of planetary atmospheres.
    • Further missions are planned to leverage the recovered instrument package.