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01:25IR Spectrometers
There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
01:14UV–Vis Spectrometers
The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
01:22Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
01:13Mass Analyzers: Overview
The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
01:26Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
01:29Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
07:17
Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
Published on: August 1, 2017
Summary
A novel grille spectrometer design enables thermal infrared emission measurements. While achieving low noise levels, optimal performance requires a detector system better suited for the instrument's high throughput.
Area of Science:
- Spectroscopy
- Infrared Technology
- Optical Engineering
Background:
- Traditional spectrometers face limitations in measuring thermal infrared emissions.
- Developing instruments with high optical throughput is crucial for sensitive measurements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a new grille spectrometer design for thermal infrared emission analysis.
- To evaluate the performance and identify limitations of the novel design.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of grilles using self-supporting etched metal foil.
- Implementation of a curved chessboard pattern for optical chopping.
- Oscillation of the exit grille to isolate spectral elements.
Main Results:
- The new spectrometer design facilitates thermal infrared emission measurements.
- An effective noise level as low as 1 erg sec(-1) cm(-2) sr(-1) cm(-1) was achieved with a 448 ms integration time.
- The specific detectivity of the thermister bolometer was suboptimal due to the instrument's large throughput.
Conclusions:
- The developed grille spectrometer shows promise for thermal infrared emission studies.
- Further optimization requires a detector system with higher specific detectivity, better matched to the instrument's throughput.