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Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Life Histories

Constrained by limited energy and resources, organisms must compromise between offspring quantity and parental investment. This trade-off is represented by two primary reproductive strategies; K-strategists produce few offspring but provide substantial parental support, whereas r-strategists produce much progeny that receives little care. These strategies are related to an organism’s survival likelihood across its lifespan, which is represented by a survivorship curve. Three general types of...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Comparing Bibliometric Analysis Using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Databases
05:02

Comparing Bibliometric Analysis Using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Databases

Published on: October 24, 2019

Author Name Disambiguation in MEDLINE.

Vetle I Torvik1, Neil R Smalheiser

  • 1University of Illinois at Chicago.

ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery From Data
|January 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The Author-ity model effectively disambiguates author names in MEDLINE, improving data integration and enabling person-centered research tools. This model enhances scholarly publishing analysis by accurately clustering author articles.

Area of Science:

  • Bibliometrics
  • Information Science
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • The "Author-ity" model was previously developed to estimate the probability of shared authorship between MEDLINE articles based on various features.
  • Features used in the initial model include shared title words, journal, coauthors, Medical Subject Headings, language, affiliations, and author name specifics.
  • This study tests the hypothesis that the Author-ity model can sufficiently disambiguate author names across the majority of MEDLINE articles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the Author-ity model with additional features and improved algorithms for more accurate author name disambiguation.
  • To validate the enhanced model's performance on a large-scale dataset of MEDLINE articles.
  • To establish a comprehensive database for author name disambiguation and explore its applications in bibliometric analysis.

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Main Methods:

  • Incorporated first names, variants, email addresses, and correlations between last names and affiliation keywords.
  • Developed new methods for generating unbiased training sets and estimating prior probabilities.
  • Employed a weighted least squares algorithm for transitivity violation correction and a maximum likelihood based agglomerative algorithm for clustering.

Main Results:

  • The Author-ity 2006 database was created, clustering 15.3 million MEDLINE articles into 6.7 million inferred author-individual clusters.
  • Achieved an estimated recall of approximately 98.8% for author name disambiguation.
  • Lumping (incorrectly merging distinct authors) affected ~0.5% of clusters, while splitting (separating articles by the same author) affected ~2% of articles.

Conclusions:

  • The enhanced Author-ity model demonstrates high accuracy and generalizability for author name disambiguation across bibliographic databases.
  • Person-centered information retrieval and data integration are facilitated, paving the way for advanced data mining and social network analysis tools.
  • The Author-ity 2006 database is available for nonprofit academic research, enabling new avenues for analyzing scholarly publishing and collaboration.