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Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Surfactants, named for their behavior at interfaces, positively adsorb at the interfaces of two phases, reducing interfacial tension. Their versatility as emulsifiers, detergents, and foaming agents stems from this ability. Surfactants, often termed amphiphiles, share the property of amphipathy, with molecules having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. The hydrophilic part is called the head, and the hydrophobic part, including an elongated alkyl substituent, forms the tail.Surfactants...
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Preparation and Characterization of Nanoliposomes for the Entrapment of Bioactive Hydrophilic Globular Proteins
11:30

Preparation and Characterization of Nanoliposomes for the Entrapment of Bioactive Hydrophilic Globular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2019

Environment-responsive multifunctional liposomes.

Amit A Kale1, Vladimir P Torchilin

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces pH-sensitive liposomal nanocarriers that shield cell-penetrating peptides under normal conditions but expose them in acidic tumor environments for targeted delivery and enhanced gene transfection.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Liposomal nanocarriers offer potential for drug and gene delivery.
  • Achieving targeted delivery and cellular penetration remains a challenge.
  • Stimuli-responsive systems can improve therapeutic efficacy by targeting specific environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop pH-sensitive liposomal nanocarriers for enhanced tumor targeting.
  • To enable site-specific exposure of cell-penetrating peptides in acidic tumor microenvironments.
  • To improve systemic circulation and cellular uptake of nanocarriers.

Main Methods:

  • Liposomes were functionalized with pH-sensitive PEG-hydrazone-PE (PEG-HZ-PE) and cell-penetrating peptide (TATp) conjugates.
  • PEG shielding of TATp was controlled by varying PEG spacer lengths.
  • In vitro cell culture and in vivo mouse tumor models were used to evaluate pH-responsiveness and transfection efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The pH-sensitive PEG shield effectively concealed TATp at neutral pH but detached at acidic pH.
  • Nanocarriers demonstrated successful cellular penetration in vitro and in vivo in acidic conditions.
  • Enhanced pGFP transfection efficiency was observed in mouse tumors compared to non-pH-sensitive controls.

Conclusions:

  • Developed nanocarriers exhibit pH-responsive behavior for targeted drug and gene delivery.
  • This system represents a significant advancement in stimuli-sensitive nanocarrier design for cancer therapy.
  • The findings support the development of tumor-specific, stimuli-sensitive drug and gene delivery systems.