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Related Concept Videos

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional levelĀ in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Using In Vitro and In-cell SHAPE to Investigate Small Molecule Induced Pre-mRNA Structural Changes
11:58

Using In Vitro and In-cell SHAPE to Investigate Small Molecule Induced Pre-mRNA Structural Changes

Published on: January 30, 2019

Novel functions for small RNA molecules.

Chunxiang Zhang1

  • 1University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, RNA Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, 185 South Orange Avenue, MSB Room E548, Newark, NJ 07101, USA. zhangc3@umdnj.edu

Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics
|January 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small RNAs are crucial regulators of gene expression and cellular processes. These molecules show promise as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for numerous diseases, with over 20 clinical trials underway.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Using In Vitro and In-cell SHAPE to Investigate Small Molecule Induced Pre-mRNA Structural Changes
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Published on: January 30, 2019

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

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Improving Small RNA-seq: Less Bias and Better Detection of 2'-O-Methyl RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Small RNAs are short, non-coding RNA molecules (18-30 nucleotides) regulating gene expression.
  • They function via post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), chromatin-dependent gene silencing (CDGS), or RNA activation (RNAa).
  • Key classes include microRNAs (miRNAs), siRNAs, and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of small RNAs in cellular functions.
  • To highlight the involvement of small RNAs in the pathogenesis of various diseases.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential and biomarker applications of small RNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of small RNA functions and disease associations.
  • Analysis of current research on small RNA-mediated gene regulation.
  • Examination of ongoing clinical trials and therapeutic strategies involving small RNAs.

Main Results:

  • Small RNAs are vital for normal development, regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, metabolism, and defense.
  • Evidence strongly links small RNAs to the pathogenesis of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and infectious diseases.
  • Over 20 clinical trials are evaluating small RNA-based therapies, indicating significant therapeutic promise.

Conclusions:

  • Small RNAs are critical regulators of fundamental biological processes.
  • Dysregulation of small RNAs contributes to a wide spectrum of human diseases.
  • Small RNAs represent promising novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diverse diseases.