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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

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Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Generalized reticulated hyperpigmentation induced by lichen planus.

M Y Lin1, L J Chen, L Ma

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
|January 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case report details a rare instance of generalized reticulated hyperpigmentation caused by lichen planus (LP). It highlights the unusual presentation of LP on the fingers, palms, and soles.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Clinical Case Reports

Background:

  • Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory condition that can affect the skin and mucous membranes.
  • Generalized reticulated hyperpigmentation is an uncommon manifestation of LP.

Observation:

  • A 68-year-old Chinese woman presented with widespread reticulated dark-brown hyperpigmentation.
  • She also exhibited oral Wickham's striae, hair loss, and distinctive papules and streaks on her face, scalp, neck, and trunk.
  • Notably, light-yellow papules on palms/soles and porcelain-white papules on fingers were observed.

Findings:

  • Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of lichen planus.
  • The observed generalized reticulated hyperpigmentation is a rare finding in LP.
  • This report is the first to document LP-induced clinical features on the fingers, palms, and soles.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known clinical spectrum of lichen planus.
  • It underscores the importance of considering LP in the differential diagnosis of generalized reticulated hyperpigmentation.
  • Further research may elucidate the specific mechanisms behind this rare presentation.