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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

Published on: December 4, 2016

Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction?

J Reason¹, A Manstead, S Stradling

¹Department of Psychology, University of Manchester, Mancester M13 9PL, UK.

|January 16, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study distinguishes driver errors from violations, finding they stem from different psychological factors. Violations decrease with age, while errors do not, suggesting distinct behavioral drivers.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

Published on: December 4, 2016

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Published on: February 1, 2020

Area of Science:

Psychology
Traffic Safety
Human Factors

Background:

Human behavior significantly contributes to traffic accidents.
A distinction between driver errors and violations is proposed due to potentially different psychological origins and remediation needs.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the validity of distinguishing between self-reported driver errors and violations.
To determine if these categories are supported by distinct psychological mechanisms in driver behavior.

Main Methods:

A Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) was administered to 520 drivers.
Participants self-reported the frequency of committing various driving errors and violations.
Factor analysis was used to identify underlying behavioral dimensions.

Main Results:

Three primary factors emerged: violations, dangerous errors, and harmless lapses.
Driver violations decreased with age, whereas errors did not show a similar trend.
Men reported more violations than women; women reported more harmless lapses.

Conclusions:

The findings support the distinction between driver errors and violations, mediated by different psychological mechanisms.
Violations are linked to social and motivational factors.
Errors (slips, lapses, mistakes) are associated with individual information-processing characteristics.