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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...

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A Modified Inflammatory Pain Model to Study the Analgesic Effect in Mice
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The analgesic potential of cannabinoids.

Jaseena Elikkottil1, Jaseena Elikottil, Pankaj Gupta

  • 1Department of Medicine, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Journal of Opioid Management
|January 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cannabis-derived compounds show promise as analgesic agents, offering a potential alternative to opioids for severe pain management. They may also reduce opioid dosage and side effects when used synergistically.

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Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
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Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

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A Modified Inflammatory Pain Model to Study the Analgesic Effect in Mice
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Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Pain Management
  • Cannabinoid Research

Background:

  • Cannabinoids have a long history of anecdotal use for pain relief.
  • Recent research focuses on developing cannabis-derived medications for severe pain.
  • Opioids are currently the primary treatment for severe pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history of cannabis in medicine.
  • To explore cannabinoid signaling pathways.
  • To summarize preclinical and clinical data on cannabinoids as analgesics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and anecdotal evidence.
  • Analysis of preclinical studies.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data.

Main Results:

  • Cannabis compounds demonstrate antiemetic, appetite-modulating, and analgesic properties.
  • Efficacy varies by product and administration route.
  • Cannabinoids can enhance opioid effectiveness and reduce required dosage.

Conclusions:

  • Cannabis-based medications warrant consideration for severe pain management.
  • Cannabinoids offer a potential alternative or adjunct to opioid therapy.
  • Rational use can alleviate suffering associated with chronic pain.