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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...

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Related Experiment Videos

Blocking interleukin-1 in rheumatic diseases.

Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky1

  • 1National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. goldbacr@mail.nih.gov

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|January 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) blocking agents, like anakinra, are effective treatments for autoinflammatory diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. Research into these conditions is improving understanding of IL-1

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 plays a significant role in various diseases.
  • Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, was initially tested for sepsis and later approved for rheumatoid arthritis.
  • IL-1 blocking therapies are now successfully treating autoinflammatory diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical applications of IL-1 blocking agents.
  • To explore the role of IL-1 in immune-mediated inflammatory conditions.
  • To understand IL-1's role in the pathogenesis of common diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical investigation of IL-1 blocking agents.
  • FDA approval process for IL-1 therapies.
  • Study of autoinflammatory diseases and their mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Anakinra is FDA approved for rheumatoid arthritis.
  • IL-1 blockers are effective for autoinflammatory diseases, including cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS).
  • IL-1 blockade shows promise in treating gout and Type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • IL-1 blocking agents represent a significant therapeutic advancement for inflammatory and autoinflammatory conditions.
  • The study of rare autoinflammatory diseases provides insights into the pathogenesis of more common diseases.
  • Targeting IL-1 pathways offers potential for novel treatments for a range of conditions.