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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...

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Analyses of Mitochondrial Calcium Influx in Isolated Mitochondria and Cultured Cells
08:29

Analyses of Mitochondrial Calcium Influx in Isolated Mitochondria and Cultured Cells

Published on: April 27, 2018

Mitochondrial Ca2+ channels: Great unknowns with important functions.

Roland Malli1, Wolfgang F Graier

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.

FEBS Letters
|January 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondria regulate cell fate through calcium (Ca2+) signaling. This review examines the elusive mitochondrial calcium channels responsible for Ca2+ uptake, crucial for cellular processes.

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Imaging Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake in Astrocytes and Neurons using Genetically Encoded Ca2+ Indicators (GECIs)
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Simultaneous Measurement of Mitochondrial Calcium and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Live Cells by Fluorescent Microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Mitochondrial Physiology
  • Calcium Signaling

Background:

  • Mitochondria play a critical role in processing both local and global calcium (Ca2+) signals within cells.
  • The spatiotemporal dynamics of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling dictate cellular outcomes, ranging from metabolic adjustments to programmed cell death.
  • Mitochondrial Ca2+ channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) are essential for mediating Ca2+ uptake from cytosolic increases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize existing research on the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake.
  • To align historical findings with recent discoveries concerning mitochondrial Ca2+ channels.
  • To highlight the ongoing challenge in identifying the precise molecular identity of these channels.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of past and recent studies on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake.
  • Analysis of experimental data characterizing mitochondrial Ca2+ uniport channels.
  • Synthesis of information regarding the function and properties of these channels.

Main Results:

  • The identity of mitochondrial Ca2+ channels remains elusive despite extensive research.
  • Detailed functional profiles of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniport channels have been established.
  • Recent findings offer new perspectives on the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is critical for deciphering mitochondrial function and cellular fate.
  • Further research is needed to definitively identify mitochondrial Ca2+ channels.
  • The precise characterization of these channels holds significant implications for cellular metabolism and survival.