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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug binding...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
12:24

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

New trends in hepatitis C management.

Vincent Mallet1, Anaïs Vallet-Pichard, Stanislas Pol

  • 1Paris Descartes University, Department of Hepatology, APHP, Cochin Hospital, INSERM U.567, F-75014, Paris, France.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|January 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects 2% of the global population. While new infections decline, rising mortality from past infections and increased rates of liver cirrhosis and cancer are projected.

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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
12:24

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection impacts approximately 2% of the global population.
  • While the incidence of new HCV infections is decreasing, focusing on specific risk groups like intravenous drug users and homosexual men, morbidity and mortality from infections acquired in the late 1970s and early 1980s are significantly increasing.
  • A substantial percentage of HCV-infected patients develop cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the current epidemiological trends of Hepatitis C virus infection.
  • To project the future incidence of liver disease complications and mortality associated with chronic HCV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological modeling was employed to analyze HCV infection trends.
  • Data analysis focused on historical infection rates and projected future disease progression.

Main Results:

  • Current epidemiologic models indicate a continued rise in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence through 2015.
  • Mortality associated with chronic HCV infection is also projected to increase through 2015.
  • Liver specialists' perceptions align with these projected increases in HCC and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • The long-term consequences of past Hepatitis C virus infections, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, pose a growing public health challenge.
  • Projections indicate an increasing burden of HCV-related morbidity and mortality in the near future.
  • Urgent public health strategies are needed to manage the rising tide of chronic HCV complications.