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Differential earth mover's distance with its applications to visual tracking.

Qi Zhao¹, Zhi Yang, Hai Tao

¹School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. zhaoqi@soe.ucsc.edu

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

|January 16, 2010

Summary

This study introduces a faster Differential Earth Mover's Distance (DEMD) algorithm for visual tracking. DEMD significantly speeds up Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) computations, enabling real-time object tracking and handling scale changes effectively.

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Area of Science:

Computer Vision
Machine Learning
Image Processing

Background:

Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) is a robust similarity measure for comparing probability distributions.
High computational complexity of EMD limits its application in real-time scenarios.
Visual tracking requires efficient algorithms to handle object deformations and scale changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a computationally efficient algorithm for Earth Mover's Distance (EMD).
To enable the application of EMD in real-time visual tracking.
To improve object tracking accuracy and robustness, especially concerning scale variations.

Main Methods:

Proposed a novel Differential EMD (DEMD) algorithm leveraging sensitivity analysis of the simplex method.
Employed signatures (variable-size distribution descriptions) for efficient object representation.
Integrated local background and foreground modeling for scale change handling.

Main Results:

Achieved orders of magnitude speedup compared to brute-force EMD computation.
Empirically verified DEMD's effectiveness in the visual tracking context.
Demonstrated superior performance over the standard Mean Shift tracker in quantitative evaluations.

Conclusions:

The Differential EMD (DEMD) algorithm makes EMD practical for real-time visual tracking applications.
DEMD effectively accommodates distribution deformations and handles scale changes.
The proposed method offers significant improvements in tracking performance and efficiency.