Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model
Published on: May 24, 2024
Shawn Klein1, Cari M Whyne, Raphael Rush
1Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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This study developed a 3D patient-specific simulator for pedicle screw insertion, offering visual and quantitative feedback to improve surgical preparation and reduce misplacement risks.
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