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Candesartan effect on inflammation in hypertension
Giuseppe Derosa1, Pamela Maffioli, Sibilla A T Salvadeo
1Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy. giuseppe.derosa@unipv.it
Summary
Candesartan therapy reduced inflammatory biomarkers and blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The drug attenuated inflammatory responses to an oral fat load, particularly in non-diabetic individuals.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
Background:
- Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus exacerbates cardiovascular risk and inflammation.
- Inflammatory biomarkers play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of these conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of candesartan on inflammatory biomarkers in hypertensive patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- To assess the effect of candesartan on the inflammatory response to a standardized oral fat load (OFL).
Main Methods:
- A 6-month randomized controlled trial involving 219 hypertensive patients (106 non-diabetic hypertensive [NH] and 113 diabetic hypertensive [DH]).
- Patients received candesartan therapy and underwent standardized OFLs at baseline and after 6 months.
- Evaluated systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood glucose (BG), triglycerides (Tg), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP).
Main Results:
- Diabetic hypertensive patients had higher baseline levels of HbA1c, HOMA-IR, BG, insulin, Tg, sICAM-1, IL-6, and Hs-CRP, and lower HDL-C compared to non-diabetic hypertensive patients.
- Candesartan therapy significantly reduced sICAM-1, IL-6, Hs-CRP, SBP, and DBP in both groups after 6 months.
- Following baseline OFL, Tg, sICAM-1, IL-6, and Hs-CRP increased in both groups. After 6 months of therapy, OFL did not significantly alter BG or Tg, but IL-6 and Hs-CRP still increased.
Conclusions:
- Candesartan treatment effectively attenuates inflammatory biomarkers and improves blood pressure control in hypertensive patients.
- The anti-inflammatory effect of candesartan is evident even after an oral fat load, though more pronounced in non-diabetic individuals.
- These findings highlight candesartan's potential in managing inflammation associated with hypertension and diabetes.
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