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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

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Atomic Force Microscopy Combined with Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Probe Single Bacterium Chemistry
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Atomic Force Microscopy Combined with Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Probe Single Bacterium Chemistry

Published on: September 15, 2020

Far infrared airborne spectroscopy.

J A Eddy, R H Lee, P J Léna

    Applied Optics
    |January 16, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details airborne spectral measurements of solar brightness temperature using a scanning Michelson interferometer. Experience from twenty-five jet flights informs the performance of guiding systems and detectors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Science
    • Radiometry
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Solar brightness temperature measurements are crucial for understanding atmospheric properties and solar radiation.
    • Airborne platforms offer unique advantages for spectral measurements above atmospheric interference.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe equipment and techniques for airborne far-infrared spectral measurements of solar brightness temperature.
    • To evaluate the performance of specific instruments and systems during actual flight conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a scanning Michelson interferometer for spectral analysis in the 80-400 micrometer range.
    • Employed radiometric calibration techniques for accurate temperature measurements.
    • Assessed telescopic guiding systems, liquid helium-cooled bolometers, and Golay cells.

    Main Results:

    • Detailed the operational aspects of the airborne far-infrared spectral measurement system.
    • Summarized performance data from twenty-five jet aircraft flights.
    • Provided insights into the reliability and effectiveness of the employed instrumentation.

    Conclusions:

    • The described equipment and techniques are suitable for airborne far-infrared solar spectral measurements.
    • Experience from multiple flights validates the performance of the key components.
    • This work contributes to the understanding of solar radiation through precise atmospheric measurements.