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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

A simple digital near infrared spectrometer.

A W Harrison, C Hansen, D W Will

    Applied Optics
    |January 16, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new near-infrared grating spectrometer was developed for studying faint atmospheric emissions. This instrument utilizes a cooled photomultiplier tube and paper tape data recording for enhanced signal averaging.

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    Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Physics
    • Spectroscopy
    • Upper Atmosphere Research

    Background:

    • Near-infrared emissions from the upper atmosphere, such as airglow and aurora, are crucial for understanding atmospheric dynamics.
    • Studying these faint emissions requires sensitive instrumentation capable of detecting low light levels.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe a simple, effective near-infrared grating spectrometer designed for atmospheric studies.
    • To highlight the instrument's capability in capturing weak airglow and auroral emissions.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a near-infrared grating spectrometer.
    • Utilizing a dry ice-cooled photomultiplier tube in pulse counting mode.
    • Recording spectral data on punched paper tape for signal averaging.

    Main Results:

    • The spectrometer is capable of recording spectral data from weak near-infrared emissions.
    • Averaging multiple low-intensity spectra improves signal-to-noise ratio.
    • The instrument is particularly suited for airglow and auroral studies.

    Conclusions:

    • The described spectrometer is a valuable tool for investigating upper atmospheric phenomena.
    • Its simplicity and sensitivity make it ideal for studying faint near-infrared emissions.