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Updated: Jun 17, 2026
09:26
Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
Published on: November 6, 2014
The parental dentocraniofacial phenotype-an orofacial clefting microform
Peter A Mossey1, Puneet Batra, Grant T McIntyre
1Department of Dental Health, University of Dundee Dental School, Park Place, Dundee DD14HR, Scotland. p.a.mossey@dundee.ac.uk
Summary
Parents of children with orofacial clefting have a distinct craniofacial phenotype. More research is needed to model these features and identify cleft morphogenes.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Craniofacial Biology
- Pediatric Dentistry
Background:
- Orofacial clefting is a common birth defect with complex etiology.
- Understanding the parental craniofacial phenotype may offer insights into genetic predispositions.
- Previous research has explored familial patterns in clefting, but a comprehensive model is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review investigations of the parental dentocraniofacial phenotype in orofacial clefting.
- To synthesize data to develop a model of phenotypic features aiding in the identification of cleft morphogenes.
- To recommend future research strategies for studying the parental craniofacial phenotype in orofacial clefting.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of multiple databases (Cochrane, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, ASKSAM) from 1950 to 2006.
- Keywords included 'microform', 'parent', 'craniofacial', 'dental', and 'cleft'.
- 26 out of 36 identified studies met inclusion criteria; data were abstracted and quality assessed, but heterogeneity prevented full synthesis.
Main Results:
- The craniofacial phenotype of parents with children affected by orofacial clefting is distinct from the noncleft population.
- Insufficient evidence exists to create a model of phenotypic features for identifying cleft morphogenes.
- Phenotypic patterns suggest different inheritance for cleft lip with or without cleft palate versus isolated cleft palate.
Conclusions:
- The parental craniofacial phenotype in orofacial clefting is identifiable but requires further investigation.
- Subphenotyping using features like microforms is crucial to reduce heterogeneity and enhance future genetic studies.
- Improved research strategies are needed to advance understanding of cleft etiology, clinical management, and genetic counseling.
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