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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice

Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice

Published on: January 7, 2019

A dose-response perspective on college drinking and related problems.

Paul J Gruenewald¹, Fred W Johnson, William R Ponicki

¹Prevention Research Center, 1995 UniversityAvenue, Suite 450, Berkeley, CA94704, USA. paul@prev.org

Addiction (Abingdon, England)

|January 19, 2010

Summary

College students experience many alcohol-related problems even with low alcohol consumption. Even two to four drinks can lead to significant risks, highlighting the need for prevention programs to address lower drinking levels.

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Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Addiction Science

Background:

College drinking is a significant public health concern.
Understanding the relationship between alcohol consumption quantity and negative outcomes is crucial for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and test a dose-response model examining the link between alcohol consumption frequency and quantity and the incidence of drinking problems in college students.
To quantify the risk associated with different levels of alcohol intake.

Main Methods:

A mathematical dose-response model was applied to self-report data from 8,698 college drinkers across 14 California campuses.
The model assumes drinking risks are a monotone function of daily alcohol amount and additive across drinking days.
Drinking problems were measured as cumulative reports based on accumulated risks across occasions.

Main Results:

Drinking problems were associated with all levels of alcohol consumption, increasing fivefold at three drinks and gradually thereafter.
Occasions involving three drinks were most strongly associated with problems; over half of problems were linked to four or fewer drinks.
Significant dose-responsiveness differences were observed between men and women and across different drinker categories (light, moderate, heavier).

Conclusions:

A substantial proportion of college student drinking problems are linked to consuming relatively small amounts of alcohol (two to four drinks).
Intervention and prevention programs aimed at reducing college drinking problems should focus on the risks associated with lower levels of alcohol consumption.