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Maize streak virus: an old and complex 'emerging' pathogen.

Dionne N Shepherd1, Darren P Martin, Eric Van Der Walt

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, PB Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa. d.shepherd@uct.ac.za

Molecular Plant Pathology
|January 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maize streak disease (MSD), caused by the Maize streak virus (MSV), is a major threat to African crops. Developing streak-resistant maize cultivars is the most effective control strategy against this economically significant viral disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Virology
  • Crop Protection
  • Molecular Genetics

Background:

  • Maize streak virus (MSV), a Mastrevirus, causes significant yield losses in maize across Africa, transmitted by Cicadulina leafhoppers.
  • The MSV-A strain is responsible for economically damaging streak disease in maize, characterized by chlorotic streaks and stunting.
  • MSV possesses a single-stranded DNA genome within geminate particles, stable under varying pH conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the characteristics, epidemiology, and control of Maize Streak Disease (MSD) caused by Maize Streak Virus (MSV).
  • To highlight the importance of MSV as a major viral pathogen affecting maize production in Africa.
  • To discuss current and potential strategies for managing MSV, focusing on resistance mechanisms in maize.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MSV, its vectors, disease symptoms, and genetic basis of resistance.
  • Analysis of MSV strains, host range, and epidemiological factors influencing disease outbreaks.
  • Evaluation of disease control methods, including cultural practices, insecticides, and genetic resistance.

Main Results:

  • MSV epidemiology is influenced by environmental factors affecting leafhopper vectors, leading to unpredictable epidemics.
  • Severe MSD symptoms include pronounced chlorotic streaks, stunting, and failure to produce viable cobs or seed.
  • Naturally occurring tolerance, primarily linked to the msv-1 gene, and other resistance genes offer pathways for breeding streak-resistant maize.

Conclusions:

  • Developing and deploying streak-resistant maize cultivars is the most effective and economically viable strategy for controlling MSV.
  • While true MSV immunity has been achieved in research lines, transferring this to commercial varieties remains challenging.
  • Genetic engineering presents an alternative strategy for enhancing MSV resistance in maize.