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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

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Related Experiment Video

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Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Plastic brain mechanisms for attaining auditory temporal order judgment proficiency.

Fosco Bernasconi1, Jeremy Grivel, Micah M Murray

  • 1Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Vaudois University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Neuroimage
|January 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Improving auditory temporal order judgment (TOJ) involves neural network reorganization in the posterior sylvian region (PSR). This brain plasticity enhances sound timing perception through early sensory processing changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Accurate perception of sensory order is crucial for constructing coherent world representations.
  • While performance in temporal perception tasks can improve, the neural mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural dynamics and mechanisms underlying improvements in auditory temporal order judgment (TOJ) with training.
  • To identify brain activity changes associated with enhanced TOJ accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Electrical neuroimaging analyses of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs).
  • Source estimations of brain activity.
  • Tracking changes in AEP modulations and network configuration over experimental duration.

Main Results:

  • Improvements in auditory TOJ accuracy correlated with changes in brain activity, specifically topographic AEP modulations, not just signal strength.
  • Early brain activity changes (43-76 ms post-stimulus) were observed.
  • Posterior sylvian region (PSR) responses shifted from bilateral to left-hemisphere dominance.
  • PSR response correlation changed from correlated to uncorrelated, indicating network reorganization.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory TOJ improvement is driven by changes in brain network configuration during early sensory processing.
  • The posterior sylvian region (PSR) plays a critical role in auditory TOJ, with its functional connectivity changing with training.
  • Findings support neurophysiologic mechanisms of temporal processing plasticity, consistent with spike-timing-dependent plasticity models.