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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

CD44 regulates survival and memory development in Th1 cells.

Bas J G Baaten1, Cheng-Rui Li, Mia F Deiro

  • 1Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Immunity
|January 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CD44 is essential for generating memory T helper 1 (Th1) cells by promoting effector cell survival, a function not observed in other T cell types. This finding highlights CD44

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Signaling

Background:

  • Optimal adaptive immunity requires regulated effector T cell death and memory cell survival.
  • CD44, a receptor for extracellular matrix components, is upregulated on activated T cells and remains high on memory cells.
  • The precise function of CD44 in T cell memory generation remains largely undefined despite its use as a memory marker.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CD44 in the generation and survival of memory T helper 1 (Th1) cells.
  • To determine if CD44's function in memory T cell generation is specific to Th1 cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of CD44 expression and function in various T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, CD8+ T cells).
  • Assessment of effector T cell survival and apoptosis resistance.
  • Investigation of CD44's role in Fas-mediated death and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway.

Main Results:

  • CD44 is essential for the generation of memory Th1 cells by promoting effector cell survival.
  • This CD44-dependent survival mechanism was specific to Th1 cells and not observed in Th2, Th17, or CD8+ T cells.
  • CD44 ligation protected Th1 cells from Fas-mediated death by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt survival pathway.

Conclusions:

  • CD44 plays a critical, subset-specific role in establishing Th1 cell-mediated immunity by enhancing effector cell longevity.
  • The differential regulation of apoptosis by CD44 in T cell subpopulations has significant implications for understanding and treating various diseases.
  • Targeting CD44-mediated survival pathways could offer novel therapeutic strategies in immune-related disorders.