Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies01:11

Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies

In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving01:18

Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving

To calculate the flow rate for a trapezoidal channel, first, identify the bottom width, side slope, and flow depth of the channel. The cross-sectional area (A) corresponding to the depth of flow (y), channel bottom width (B), and side slope (θ) is determined by:Next, calculate the wetted perimeter, which includes the bottom width and the sloped side lengths in contact with the water. Using the values of the cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter, determine the hydraulic radius by...
Body Water Content and Fluid Compartments01:19

Body Water Content and Fluid Compartments

Life's biochemical processes occur within aqueous solutions. Solutes are substances that are dissolved within these solutions. The human body contains a variety of solutes, which can differ across various body parts. These can encompass proteins—such as those responsible for clotting and carbohydrate transport—as well as electrolytes. In medicine, an electrolyte is often described as a mineral ion derived from a salt possessing an electric charge. Examples include sodium ions (Na+) and chloride...
Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is important. 
Buoyancy01:12

Buoyancy

When an object is placed in a fluid, it either floats or sinks. All objects in a fluid experience a buoyant force. For example, a metal ball sinks, while a rubber ball floats. Similarly, a submarine can sink and float by adjusting its buoyancy.  The concept of buoyancy raises several interesting questions. For instance, where does this buoyant force come from? How much buoyant force is required to make an object sink or float? Do objects that sink get any support at all from the fluid? 
To get...
Correlation of Experimental Data01:23

Correlation of Experimental Data

Dimensional analysis simplifies complex physical problems and guides experimental investigations, but it does not provide complete solutions. It identifies the dimensionless groups that influence a phenomenon, but experimental data is needed to establish the specific relationships and validate theoretical predictions.
For example, a spherical particle moving through a viscous fluid experiences drag. Dimensional analysis shows that the drag force depends on the particle's diameter, velocity, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diving decompression models and bubble metrics: modern computer syntheses.

Computers in biology and medicine·2009
Same author

Statistical correlations and risk analyses techniques for a diving dual phase bubble model and data bank using massively parallel supercomputers.

Computers in biology and medicine·2008
Same author

Commentary on viewpoint "Heliox, nitrox, and trimix diving; hyperbaric oxygen treatment; and a flaw in Henry's law.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2007
Same author

Decompression profile and bubble formation after dives with surface decompression: experimental support for a dual phase model of decompression.

Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc·2003
Same author

Numerical phase algorithm for decompression computers and application.

Computers in biology and medicine·1992
Same author

Bubble number saturation curve and asymptotics of hypobaric and hyperbaric exposures.

International journal of bio-medical computing·1991

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA)
09:22

Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA)

Published on: October 31, 2011

Computer validation and statistical correlations of a modern decompression diving algorithm.

B R Wienke1

  • 1Applied and Computational Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, LANL MS-D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. brw@lanl.gov

Computers in Biology and Medicine
|January 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The LANL reduced gradient bubble model (RGBM) algorithm is validated for safe diver ascents using extensive decompression data. This diving algorithm demonstrates real-world effectiveness without reported decompression sickness incidents.

More Related Videos

Development of New Methods for Quantifying Fish Density Using Underwater Stereo-video Tools
09:32

Development of New Methods for Quantifying Fish Density Using Underwater Stereo-video Tools

Published on: November 20, 2017

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response
11:56

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response

Published on: November 12, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA)
09:22

Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA)

Published on: October 31, 2011

Development of New Methods for Quantifying Fish Density Using Underwater Stereo-video Tools
09:32

Development of New Methods for Quantifying Fish Density Using Underwater Stereo-video Tools

Published on: November 20, 2017

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response
11:56

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response

Published on: November 12, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Physiology and Medicine
  • Applied Mathematics
  • Oceanography

Background:

  • Diving algorithms are crucial for safe diver ascents after underwater exposures.
  • The LANL reduced gradient bubble model (RGBM) is a modern algorithm for staging ascents.
  • Mixed gas diving necessitates reliable decompression models for safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the LANL reduced gradient bubble model (RGBM) algorithm and its dynamical principles.
  • To correlate the RGBM with the LANL Data Bank for validation.
  • To establish a correlation between mixed gas diving, bubble models, and deep stop data for operational diving.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical likelihood analysis was used to obtain risk parameters from decompression exposure data.
  • A modified Levenberg-Marquardt routine was employed for data fitting.
  • The LANL Data Bank, containing 2879 profiles and 20 cases of decompression sickness (DCS), was utilized.

Main Results:

  • The RGBM algorithm was statistically validated against the LANL Data Bank with a chi-squared significance of 93%.
  • Risk functions for dissolved gas and bubbles were summarized, with parameters for estimating profile risk identified.
  • The model showed significant correlation between mixed gas diving, bubble modeling, and deep stop data.

Conclusions:

  • The LANL reduced gradient bubble model (RGBM) algorithm is validated within the LANL Data Bank.
  • Extensive field use of RGBM-based tables, software, and decompression meters suggests real-world validation.
  • The algorithm provides a safe and effective method for staging diver ascents in mixed gas diving scenarios.