Survival of Texas infants born with trisomies 21, 18, and 13
Catherine Vendola1, Mark Canfield, Stephen P Daiger
1Kaiser Permanente, San Jose Medical Center, San Jose, California, USA.
Insights
This study found no ethnic differences in survival rates for infants with Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), or Patau syndrome (trisomy 13). Survival probabilities for these common trisomies were consistent across ethnic groups.
Area of Science:
- Genetics and Genomics
- Pediatric Medicine
- Public Health Epidemiology
Background:
- Trisomies 21, 18, and 13 are leading causes of infant mortality among liveborn infants.
- Existing data on birth prevalence and mortality for these trisomies are well-defined, but ethnic-specific rates are limited.
- Few studies have examined mortality for trisomies 18 and 13 due to low live birth rates and short lifespans.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess ethnic-specific, population-based survival probabilities for infants with trisomies 21, 18, and 13.
- To provide comprehensive data on survival for these common chromosomal abnormalities.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry (1999-2003) for all infants diagnosed with trisomies 21, 18, or 13.
- Included 2,260 cases of trisomy 21, 398 of trisomy 18, and 213 of trisomy 13.
- Obtained date and cause of death from Texas vital statistics and the National Death Index.
Main Results:
- Birth prevalence rates per 10,000 adjusted live births were 11.74 for trisomy 21, 1.34 for trisomy 18, and 0.92 for trisomy 13.
- No statistically significant differences in survival rates were observed across different ethnic groups for any of the three trisomies.
- Median survival times for each trisomy were consistent with previously reported findings.
Conclusions:
- Survival probabilities for infants with trisomies 21, 18, and 13 do not appear to differ significantly by ethnicity.
- The findings provide valuable population-based data for understanding the natural history of these conditions.
- Further research may explore factors influencing survival beyond ethnicity.
Abstract:
Trisomies 21, 18, and 13 are the three most common trisomies among infants who survive to 20 weeks gestation or more. Overall information about birth prevalence, natural history, and mortality for all three trisomies is well defined, but information about ethnic-specific rates is limited. Only a few studies have examined mortality rates of trisomies 18 and 13 because so few cases are liveborn and most have very short life spans. This study assessed ethnic-specific population-based survival probabilities among infants for each trisomy. All cases of trisomies 21, 18, and 13 born in Texas between 1999 and 2003 were obtained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry and included 2,260 cases of trisomy 21, 398 cases of trisomy 18, and 213 cases of trisomy 13. Date and cause of death were obtained from the Texas vital statistics records and the National Death Index. Overall, birth prevalence rates (per 10,000 adjusted live births) for the three trisomies were 11.74 (95% CI: 11.25-12.25), 1.34 (95% CI: 1.18-1.52), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.79-1.07), respectively, and are consistent with previously reported rates. There were no differences in survival rates by ethnicity and the median survival for each trisomy was consistent with previous reports. The results of this study provide comprehensive population-based information for survival of infants with trisomies 21, 18, and 13.
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