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Related Concept Videos

Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation01:15

Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

The systemic and pulmonary circuits are crucial components of the circulatory system, working together to transport blood between the heart, lungs, and the rest of the body. The process begins with pulmonary circulation, where deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk and arteries. Upon reaching the lungs, the blood becomes oxygenated and returns to the heart, specifically to the left atrium, via the pulmonary veins.
The oxygenated blood is sent...
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation.
Overview of Pulmonary Circulation01:19

Overview of Pulmonary Circulation

The pulmonary circulation is a vital system in our body that acts as a bridge between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. It serves as a transport network for deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and then returns oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.
The process begins with the right ventricle of the heart pumping deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk. This large vessel extends about 5 centimeters before splitting into the left and right pulmonary arteries. These arteries...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Human Fetal Blood Flow Quantification with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Motion Compensation
06:56

Human Fetal Blood Flow Quantification with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Motion Compensation

Published on: January 7, 2021

Persistent fetal circulation.

C D'cunha1, K Sankaran

  • 1Division of Neonatal Research, Department of Pediatrics, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.

Paediatrics & Child Health
|January 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent fetal circulation (PFC), or persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, is a rare condition causing severe newborn hypoxemia. Advances in neonatal care have made severe cases infrequent, necessitating a review of evolving management strategies.

Keywords:
NewbornsPersistent fetal circulationPersistent pulmonary hypertension of the newbornRespiratory distress syndrome

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Persistent fetal circulation (PFC), also known as persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, is characterized by right-to-left shunting and elevated right ventricular pressure.
  • It is a rare condition often associated with respiratory distress, sepsis, and hypoxic events in newborns.
  • PFC leads to severe hypoxemia, significant morbidity, and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revisit the understanding of persistent fetal circulation.
  • To discuss the evolving treatment and management of this syndrome in modern neonatal intensive care units.
  • To highlight the decreased incidence of severe PFC due to improved neonatal care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on PFC.
  • Analysis of the impact of advancements in antenatal and neonatal care on PFC incidence and management.
  • Discussion of contemporary treatment protocols and challenges.

Main Results:

  • Improved antenatal and neonatal care, surfactant use, and early interventions have significantly reduced the incidence of severe PFC.
  • Severe forms of PFC are now rarely encountered in neonatal intensive care units.
  • Anticipation and early treatment of PFC and its complications are standard practice.

Conclusions:

  • Despite its rarity, understanding and managing persistent fetal circulation remains crucial.
  • Evolving treatment strategies are essential for addressing the complexities of PFC in sick newborns.
  • The reduced frequency of severe PFC underscores the success of modern neonatal intensive care.