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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors
Published on: January 3, 2017
[Aphasic disorders of spoken language]
1Laboratoire Théophile-Alajouanine, centre hospitalier Côte-des-Neiges, Chemin de la Reine-Marie, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Abstract:
Three levels of human language organization (or articulation) serve as reference for the analysis of different aphasic disorders of the oral language. They are: 1) phonetic transformations, 2) phonemic transformations, and 3) verbal transformations. From the disorders that affect the selection and integration of units corresponding to each of these three levels, the various aphasic utterances can be described. Aphasic disorders of auditory comprehension refer to a poor apprehension of the significant and/or the signified.
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