Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
12:21

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

Published on: September 28, 2022

Clinical review: primary influenza viral pneumonia

Jordi Rello1, Aurora Pop-Vicas

  • 1Critical Care Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, CIBERES Enfermedades Respiratorias, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain. jrello.hj23.ics@gencat.cat

Critical Care (London, England)
|January 21, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Primary influenza pneumonia, even in healthy adults, has a high mortality rate. Prompt diagnosis, oxygenation, ventilation, and antiviral therapy are crucial for managing severe cases of pandemic influenza.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Primary influenza pneumonia presents a significant mortality risk during pandemics, affecting diverse populations including young, healthy adults.
  • Rapid progression from influenza-like symptoms to severe respiratory distress and pulmonary involvement necessitates high clinical suspicion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical aspects of diagnosing and managing primary influenza pneumonia during pandemic situations.
  • To emphasize the limitations of current rapid diagnostic tests for pandemic influenza strains.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and outcomes associated with primary influenza pneumonia.
  • Assessment of diagnostic test sensitivities and antiviral susceptibility patterns.

Main Results:

  • Current rapid diagnostic tests show suboptimal sensitivity for pandemic 2009 H1N1v influenza.
  • Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) offers reliable detection but has limited availability.
  • Most pandemic H1N1v strains remain susceptible to oseltamivir.

Conclusions:

  • Early clinical suspicion and prompt initiation of supportive care, including oxygenation and ventilation, are vital.
  • Antiviral therapy with oseltamivir should be started promptly, given continued susceptibility.
  • Improved diagnostic strategies and accessibility are needed for effective pandemic influenza management.

More Related Videos

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice10:47

Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice

Published on: April 14, 2011

Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps: