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Related Concept Videos

Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
Transport Number01:31

Transport Number

The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
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ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Characterizing the Composition of Molecular Motors on Moving Axonal Cargo Using "Cargo Mapping" Analysis
11:09

Characterizing the Composition of Molecular Motors on Moving Axonal Cargo Using "Cargo Mapping" Analysis

Published on: October 30, 2014

The complex network of global cargo ship movements.

Pablo Kaluza1, Andrea Kölzsch, Michael T Gastner

  • 1Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|January 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Global shipping networks are diverse, with distinct mobility patterns for container ships, bulk carriers, and oil tankers. This research analyzes ship itineraries to reveal network structures crucial for understanding global trade and bioinvasion risks.

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Characterizing the Composition of Molecular Motors on Moving Axonal Cargo Using "Cargo Mapping" Analysis
11:09

Characterizing the Composition of Molecular Motors on Moving Axonal Cargo Using "Cargo Mapping" Analysis

Published on: October 30, 2014

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09:00

Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles

Published on: November 3, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Maritime logistics
  • Network science
  • Invasive species ecology

Background:

  • Transportation networks are vital for global trade, human mobility, and the spread of invasive species.
  • Maritime shipping accounts for 90% of world trade, making ship networks a critical component of global connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct and analyze the global network of merchant ship movements.
  • To identify distinct mobility patterns among different ship types.
  • To improve models of ship movements for understanding trade and bioinvasion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized itinerary data from 16,363 cargo ships in 2007.
  • Constructed a network of port links based on ship movements.
  • Analyzed network properties, including port connectivity and link loads, differentiating by ship type.

Main Results:

  • Identified three main ship categories: bulk dry carriers, container ships, and oil tankers, each with unique mobility patterns.
  • Container ships exhibit regular, repeating paths, while bulk carriers and oil tankers show less predictable movements.
  • The overall ship movement network displays heavy-tailed distributions for port connectivity and link loads, with significant variations across ship types.

Conclusions:

  • Ship types significantly influence network structure and dynamics.
  • Understanding these distinct network characteristics is essential for accurate modeling of global trade flows.
  • This analysis provides a foundation for better predicting and managing the risks associated with bioinvasion via maritime transport.