Injuries to the glenoid labrum: a diagnostic and treatment challenge

The glenoid labrum contributes to shoulder stability by increasing the glenoid surface and providing attachments for the shoulder capsule and various ligaments and tendons. Overhead arm activities, especially throwing, can stress the shoulder excessively and cause labral injury. Symptoms include poorly localized pain, exacerbated by overhead and behind-the-back motions, and popping, catching, or grinding. Imaging includes AP, outlet, and axillary radiographs, but CT arthrogram or MR arthrogram is also recommended. Fractures and dislocations should be referred. In other labral injuries, 2 to 4 weeks of rest and physical therapy may resolve symptoms. If not, patients should be referred for further testing and possible surgery.