Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cholera rapid diagnostic tests at the host-microbe interface: Key Considerations for Global Deployments.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Sputum pooling for rapid and cost-effective active case-finding for TB in prisons.

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·2025
Same author

The impact of sputum quality on Xpert positivity in active case-finding for TB.

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·2024
Same author

Use of rapid molecular TB diagnostics for incarcerated people in Brazil.

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·2023
Same author

The effect of incarceration on TB treatment outcomes.

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·2022
Same author

Gold Standard Cholera Diagnostics Are Tarnished by Lytic Bacteriophage and Antibiotics.

Journal of clinical microbiology·2020

Related Experiment Videos

Elbow injuries in young baseball players.

J A Whiteside1, J R Andrews, G S Fleisig

  • 1Troy State University, Troy, AL, USA.

The Physician and Sportsmedicine
|January 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Repetitive throwing in young athletes often causes immature elbow injuries. Early diagnosis and nonoperative treatments like physical therapy and modified throwing programs are key for recovery and preventing further damage.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Pediatric Sports Injuries

Background:

  • Adolescent athletes place significant stress on their elbows during throwing motions.
  • This repetitive stress can lead to various injuries in the vulnerable, immature elbow.
  • Common symptoms include medial elbow pain, stiffness, and decreased performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the common injuries associated with throwing in young athletes.
  • To describe diagnostic methods for identifying elbow injuries in this population.
  • To detail nonoperative treatment and prevention strategies for immature elbow injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical history, focusing on symptoms like persistent medial elbow soreness and stiffness.
  • Physical examination including palpation to identify injury sites.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Radiographic assessment (X-rays) to detect growth-plate separation or osteochondral changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Diagnosis relies on identifying specific injury sites and radiographic evidence of growth-plate issues or osteochondral damage.
    • Nonoperative treatment is feasible for medial apophyseal separation less than 3 mm.
    • Treatment includes physical therapy (stretching, strengthening), sport-specific training, and interval throwing.

    Conclusions:

    • Early recognition of symptoms and prompt diagnosis are crucial for managing throwing-related elbow injuries in young athletes.
    • Nonoperative management, including a structured rehabilitation and return-to-throwing protocol, is effective for many cases.
    • Prevention strategies focusing on conditioning, pitch counts, and age-appropriate skill development are essential.