Treating low-back pain: exercise knowns and unknowns

Clinical research on the efficacy of exercise in the treatment of low-back pain is not entirely consistent. However, the bulk of the literature and current practice favor active low-back pain treatment programs that focus on improving aerobic fitness and on increasing the strength, flexibility, and stability of the lumbar musculature. Maintaining activity in the acute phase and initiating a specific exercise program as symptoms allow are central strategies in speeding recovery, ameliorating persistent pain, and preventing recurrence. In addition to this approach, physical therapy, manipulation, and/or medication may be called for.