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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection01:29

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection

Inspection is the initial step in assessing the cardiovascular system. It involves a detailed visual examination that provides crucial information about a patient's circulatory and cardiac health. This systematic process, conducted from head to toe, helps identify signs of cardiovascular conditions by observing physical appearance, skin and mucous membranes, jugular and carotid pulsations, chest symmetry, and the condition of the extremities.
Head and Neck
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation01:29

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation

In a cardiovascular examination, inspection and palpation are crucial for identifying abnormalities.
Abnormal findings observed during an inspection
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome
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Recognizing upper-extremity stress lesions.

T D Cervoni1, J R Martire, L A Curl

  • 1Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

The Physician and Sportsmedicine
|January 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Athletes experience stress lesions in upper extremity bones from sports like baseball and weightlifting. Early detection in adolescents is crucial to prevent serious growth plate complications.

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Published on: January 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Sports medicine
  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Athletes in various sports are prone to stress lesions in upper extremity bones.
  • Injuries include periostitis, bone spurs, and stress fractures.
  • Adolescent injuries often affect growth plates, while adult injuries occur at muscle insertion sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the susceptibility of athletes to upper extremity stress lesions.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis in adolescents due to potential growth plate complications.
  • To discuss diagnostic imaging modalities for stress lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common sports associated with upper extremity stress lesions.
  • Differentiation of injury patterns in adolescents versus adults.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic imaging techniques, including plain films and triple-phase bone scans.

Main Results:

  • Stress lesions are common in athletes participating in sports like baseball, gymnastics, weight lifting, javelin, and racket sports.
  • Adolescent injuries typically involve growth plates, whereas adult injuries are more common in the midshaft at muscle insertion areas.
  • Plain films can identify obvious fractures and physeal injuries, but triple-phase bone scans are often necessary for comprehensive assessment of stress lesions.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of stress lesions, particularly in adolescents, is critical to avoid long-term consequences.
  • Triple-phase bone scans are valuable for defining the extent of stress lesions when plain films are inconclusive.