Detecting and treating common foot and ankle fractures. Part 1: the ankle and hindfoot

Some of the most common and potentially serious ankle and hindfoot fractures seen in a primary care sports medicine practice are fractures of the tibial plafond, malleolus, calcaneus, and talus (including osteochondral lesions). Making a careful physical exam to detect for sites of tenderness and ordering the appropriate diagnostic images - usually plain films - are important in pinpointing the diagnosis, but some injuries, like Maisonneuve fractures, can be difficult to detect. Certain injuries, like many fractures of the lateral process of the talus, can be managed conservatively with casting, but severe or displaced fractures usually require surgery. Rehabilitation typically focuses on rest and proper strengthening and stretching exercises.