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Related Concept Videos

Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
Aggression01:47

Aggression

Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for hire...
Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Rat Model of Compound Acne
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Aggressive acne treatment: as simple as one, two, three?

R C Savin1, L M Donofrio

  • 1Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

The Physician and Sportsmedicine
|January 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Achieve completely clear skin with a three-tier oral acne treatment approach. This strategy, including tetracycline, minocycline, and isotretinoin, effectively manages acne severity. Patients must be aware of isotretinoin

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Current acne treatments often focus on lesion reduction rather than complete skin clarity.
  • Patient-centered goals emphasize achieving clear skin, especially for active individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comprehensive three-tier oral agent treatment strategy for achieving clear skin in acne patients.
  • To outline the stepwise use of oral antibiotics and isotretinoin for managing acne severity.

Main Methods:

  • A sequential treatment approach utilizing oral agents.
  • First-line therapy with tetracycline.
  • Second-line therapy with minocycline if tetracycline is ineffective.
  • Third-line therapy with isotretinoin for persistent acne.
  • Adjunctive use of benzoyl peroxide cleansing and topical acne medications.

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Main Results:

  • The three-tier oral agent approach effectively achieves clear skin across various acne severities.
  • Tetracycline serves as the initial treatment.
  • Minocycline is effective as a second-line option.
  • Isotretinoin demonstrates high efficacy for treatment-resistant acne.

Conclusions:

  • A stepwise oral medication regimen, including tetracycline, minocycline, and isotretinoin, is a highly effective strategy for achieving complete acne clearance.
  • Patient education regarding the teratogenic potential of isotretinoin is crucial.