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Personal exposure to ultrafine particles.

Lance Wallace1, Wayne Ott

  • 1lwallace73@comcast.net

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology
|January 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Indoor activities like cooking and smoking significantly increase personal exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP). These indoor sources often contribute more to daily UFP exposure than outdoor air pollution.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Air Quality Science
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Personal exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) is a growing concern, with indoor activities frequently leading to higher concentrations than ambient air.
  • Understanding the sources and levels of indoor UFP is crucial for public health, as these particles can penetrate deep into the lungs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify personal exposure levels to ultrafine particles (UFP) from various indoor and in-vehicle activities.
  • To compare the contribution of indoor versus outdoor sources to total daily UFP exposure.
  • To identify common household and public space activities that generate significant UFP.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized portable monitors over three years to measure personal UFP exposure in homes, cars, and restaurants.

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  • Conducted over 300 measurement periods in homes, 25 hours of driving, and 22 restaurant visits.
  • Analyzed size-resolved UFP data to assess the penetration of outdoor particles indoors.

    • Main Results:

    • Cooking (gas/electric stoves, toaster ovens) and smoking were major sources of high UFP, with peak exposures exceeding 100,000 particles/cm³.
    • Restaurants consistently showed high UFP levels (50,000-200,000 particles/cm³), while driving averaged moderate exposures (~30,000 particles/cm³).
    • Indoor sources accounted for approximately 47% of daily UFP exposure in suburban non-smokers, with smoking dramatically increasing this to 77%.

    Conclusions:

    • Indoor activities, particularly cooking and smoking, are dominant contributors to personal ultrafine particle exposure.
    • Outdoor UFP have a limited impact on personal exposure when significant indoor sources are present.
    • Reducing exposure to UFP requires addressing common indoor activities and sources, especially in homes and public eating spaces.