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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Muscles that Move the Thigh01:20

Muscles that Move the Thigh

The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, is a combination of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles, sharing a common insertion point on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Three other significant muscles are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus originates from the posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, and the thoracolumbar fascia...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.

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Related Experiment Video

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Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
07:30

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Published on: May 1, 2018

Quadriceps and hamstrings muscle dysfunction after total knee arthroplasty.

Jennifer E Stevens-Lapsley1, Jaclyn E Balter, Wendy M Kohrt

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|January 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients experience persistent quadriceps and hamstrings weakness. Rehabilitation should target both muscle groups to improve long-term function after TKA.

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The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve

Published on: September 7, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) effectively reduces knee osteoarthritis pain but often fails to restore full muscle strength and physical function.
  • Understanding acute muscle performance changes in hamstrings and quadriceps post-TKA is crucial for enhancing early rehabilitation and long-term outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate postoperative quadriceps and hamstrings muscle strength loss and recovery after TKA, comparing with nonoperative and healthy control legs.
  • To measure hamstrings coactivation during maximal quadriceps contraction pre- and post-TKA, comparing with control groups.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 30 TKA patients (preoperative and 1, 3, 6 months postoperatively) compared to 15 healthy controls.
  • Assessed bilateral isometric quadriceps and hamstrings strength.
  • Measured electromyography (EMG) of hamstrings coactivation during maximal isometric quadriceps contraction.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in quadriceps and hamstrings strength loss or recovery were observed between operative and nonoperative legs over time, but differences existed compared to controls.
  • Hamstrings coactivation during maximal quadriceps effort was significantly elevated in the operative leg at 1 month post-TKA compared to the nonoperative leg.

Conclusions:

  • Quadriceps dysfunction is recognized post-TKA, but hamstrings dysfunction is also present and requires attention in rehabilitation.
  • Future rehabilitation programs should prioritize quadriceps and hamstrings strengthening to optimize muscle function and long-term outcomes after TKA.