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Aging and energy expenditure.

L Vaughan1, F Zurlo, E Ravussin

  • 1Clinical Diabetes and Nutrition Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|April 1, 1991
PubMed
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Elderly individuals have a lower basal metabolic rate (BMR) but their overall sedentary energy expenditure is proportional to their body size. Lower energy intake in older adults may stem from reduced physical activity.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Human Physiology
  • Metabolic Studies

Background:

  • Sedentary energy expenditure in the elderly is not well-established.
  • Aging is associated with changes in body composition and metabolic rate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare 24-hour energy expenditure (24EE) and its components in elderly and young adults.
  • To determine if sedentary energy expenditure is lower in the elderly after adjusting for body composition and sex.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a respiratory chamber to measure 24-hour energy expenditure (24EE) in elderly and young subjects.
  • Collected data on height, weight, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage.
  • Statistically adjusted for differences in fat-free mass, fat mass, and sex.

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Main Results:

  • Elderly subjects had lower height, weight, and fat-free mass, but higher body fat percentage compared to young adults.
  • Absolute 24EE, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and sleeping metabolic rate were lower in the elderly.
  • After adjustments, only BMR remained significantly lower in the elderly (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Reduced basal metabolic rate (BMR) in the elderly is confirmed after accounting for body composition.
  • Sedentary 24-hour energy expenditure (24EE) in older adults decreases proportionally to their reduced body size.
  • Lower energy intake in the elderly may be primarily due to reduced physical activity in daily life.