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Lampbrush Chromosomes

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 2, 2016

Lbx1 expression and frog limb development.

Michelle C Sabo¹, Kimberly Nath, Richard P Elinson

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.

Development Genes and Evolution

|January 22, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers cloned the Lbx1 gene in the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui to trace limb muscle cell origins. Findings show EcLbx1 expression in trunk somites and limb buds, indicating cell migration pathways.

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Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo

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Published on: February 2, 2016

Chicken Recombinant Limbs Assay to Understand Morphogenesis, Patterning, and Early Steps in Cell Differentiation

Chicken Recombinant Limbs Assay to Understand Morphogenesis, Patterning, and Early Steps in Cell Differentiation

Published on: January 12, 2022

Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Molecular biology
Comparative genomics

Background:

Identifying the origins of limb muscle cells is crucial for understanding vertebrate development.
The Lbx1 gene is a known marker for muscle progenitor cells in various species.
Direct-developing frogs offer unique models for studying embryonic development without external larval stages.

Purpose of the Study:

To clone and characterize the Lbx1 gene in the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui.
To investigate the expression pattern of EcLbx1 during embryonic development.
To determine the role of EcLbx1 in limb muscle cell development and migration.

Main Methods:

Gene cloning of Lbx1 from Eleutherodactylus coqui.
Whole-mount in situ hybridization to analyze EcLbx1 expression patterns.
Comparative analysis of EcLbx1 expression with other vertebrate models.

Main Results:

EcLbx1 was successfully cloned from Eleutherodactylus coqui.
EcLbx1 expression was observed in all trunk somites, similar to Xenopus laevis but distinct from other vertebrates.
EcLbx1-expressing cells were found in limb buds, suggesting migration from somites, consistent with chick, mouse, and zebrafish.
Expression in the dorsal spinal cord was also observed, aligning with other vertebrates.

Conclusions:

The study identified EcLbx1 as a marker for prospective limb muscle cells in Eleutherodactylus coqui.
The expression pattern of EcLbx1 in Eleutherodactylus coqui provides insights into conserved and divergent mechanisms of muscle development.
Findings support the hypothesis of somite-derived cell migration into limb buds for muscle formation.