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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation
03:20

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation

Published on: August 19, 2025

Interventions for vitiligo.

Maxine E Whitton1, Mariona Pinart, Jonathan Batchelor

  • 1c/o Cochrane Skin Group, The University of Nottingham, Room A103, King's Meadow Campus, Lenton Lane, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2NR.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|January 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review of vitiligo treatments found combination therapies, especially those involving light treatment, showed better repigmentation results. However, evidence for long-term benefits and quality of life improvements is limited, necessitating further high-quality trials.

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Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes
09:38

Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes

Published on: August 27, 2021

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation
03:20

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation

Published on: August 19, 2025

Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes
09:38

Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes

Published on: August 27, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Evidence-based medicine

Background:

  • Vitiligo affects approximately 1% of the global population, characterized by depigmented skin patches.
  • Current treatment options for vitiligo are often unsatisfactory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively assess all available interventions for managing vitiligo.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) updated in November 2009.
  • Searches included multiple databases (Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, etc.) and ongoing trials.
  • Independent assessment of study eligibility, quality, and data extraction by at least two authors.

Main Results:

  • 57 trials with 3139 participants were analyzed, most with fewer than 50 participants.
  • Combination therapies, particularly those involving light treatment, generally yielded better repigmentation results.
  • Newer interventions like monochromatic excimer light (MEL) and melanocyte transplantation were noted; however, long-term benefits remain unproven.

Conclusions:

  • Existing vitiligo therapies have some supporting evidence, but study heterogeneity limits generalizability.
  • High-quality RCTs with standardized measures, including quality of life assessments and long-term follow-up, are needed.