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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock

Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock

Published on: November 3, 2023

Hypertonic saline for peri-operative fluid management.

Vivian McAlister¹, Karen Ea Burns, Tammy Znajda

¹Canadian Forces Medical Service, University of Western Ontario, C4-212, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5A5.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

|January 22, 2010

Summary

Hypertonic saline (HS) reduces intravenous fluid needs during surgery but may increase serum sodium. Further trials are needed to determine HS effects on patient survival and morbidity.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock

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Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

Published on: June 6, 2011

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Critical Care Medicine
Surgical Fluid Management

Background:

Fluid overload during surgery poses risks for patient complications.
Hypertonic saline (HS) maintains intravascular volume using less fluid than isotonic saline (IS).
HS may lead to elevated serum sodium levels.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the benefits and harms of using HS versus IS solutions in surgical patients.
To assess the impact of HS on mortality, organ function, and fluid balance.

Main Methods:

Conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials comparing HS and IS in surgical settings.
Searched multiple databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and CINAHL.
Analyzed data for mortality, organ failure, fluid balance, serum sodium, and cardiovascular function using random-effects models.

Main Results:

Included 15 studies with 614 participants; no significant difference in mortality or serious adverse events.
HS significantly reduced postoperative fluid excess (SMD -1.43L) and total fluid administration (MD -2.4L) compared to IS.
HS increased intraoperative cardiac index but did not alter pulmonary artery wedge pressure; serum sodium remained within normal limits.

Conclusions:

Hypertonic saline effectively reduces the volume of intravenous fluids required during surgery.
Transient increases in serum sodium levels were observed with HS, remaining within normal physiological ranges.
The impact of HS on patient survival and morbidity requires further investigation through adequately powered randomized clinical trials.