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Related Concept Videos

Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
Motivational Cycle01:20

Motivational Cycle

The motivational cycle is a key concept that explains how individuals are motivated to meet their needs. At its core, the cycle revolves around four distinct stages: need, drive, goal-directed behavior, and goal achievement. These stages respond to imbalances in the body or mind, prompting actions that restore balance.
The cycle begins with a need. This need can arise from various conditions, such as hunger, thirst, or temperature changes. For instance, when an individual feels cold, their body...
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques VI01:30

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques VI

Adopting a healthier lifestyle often requires overcoming significant challenges, but leveraging psychological, social, and cultural resources can facilitate meaningful change. Effective self-change hinges on understanding and applying key tools such as motivation and goal setting, which help sustain efforts toward long-term health benefits.
Motivation and Self-Determination
Motivation, the driving force behind behavior, plays a pivotal role at every stage of the change process. The research...
Incentive Theory: Pull Theory of Motivation01:18

Incentive Theory: Pull Theory of Motivation

Incentive theory, or the "pull theory" of motivation, suggests that external rewards primarily drive behavior. Individuals are motivated to engage in activities when they anticipate a desirable outcome. This is why people often work hard for promotions or study intensively to achieve high grades. These incentives can be tangible, physical rewards such as money or promotions, or intangible, non-physical rewards like praise and social recognition.
The theory differentiates between intrinsic and...
Persuasion Strategies01:52

Persuasion Strategies

Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models
07:14

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Published on: December 23, 2025

Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation.

Douglas Tc Lai1, Kate Cahill, Ying Qin

  • 1Professional Development and Quality Assurance, Department of Health, 1/F Main Block, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3 Lok Man Rd, Chai Wan, Hong Kong.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|January 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Motivational interviewing (MI) may help smokers quit. This meta-analysis found MI modestly increased smoking cessation rates compared to brief advice or usual care, particularly when delivered by physicians or counselors.

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Published on: August 28, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Public Health
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient-centered counseling style designed to resolve ambivalence about behavior change.
  • Originally developed for alcohol abuse, MI shows potential for aiding smoking cessation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in promoting smoking cessation among smokers.
  • Evaluate the impact of MI on long-term smoking abstinence.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified through the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register.
  • Included 14 RCTs involving over 10,000 smokers, with follow-up of at least six months.
  • Analyzed biochemically validated abstinence rates, treating lost participants as continuing smokers.

Main Results:

  • Motivational interviewing demonstrated a modest but significant increase in smoking cessation rates (RR 1.27; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.42) compared to brief advice or usual care.
  • Effectiveness was notable when MI was delivered by primary care physicians or counselors, and in sessions longer than 20 minutes.
  • Multiple sessions may offer slight advantages over single sessions, though both yielded positive outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Motivational interviewing appears to be a viable strategy to assist smokers in quitting.
  • Study findings should be interpreted cautiously due to variations in study quality, treatment fidelity, and potential biases.